Four note recorder songs6/14/2023 The study of song evolution has profited from research on island birds, including Darwin's finches of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Song evolution may also proceed as different song types become more or less prevalent, for instance through immigration, emigration or drift ( Baker & Jenkins 1987 Lynch 1996), or if some song types endow their singers with elevated fitness ( Gibbs 1990 Baker & Gammon 2008). Alternatively, song types may remain stable if learning, production or perceptual mechanisms restrict song divergence ( Podos et al. Divergence may occur in the acoustic structure of specific song types, driven by copy inaccuracy, improvization or rearrangement of existing song units ( Slater & Ince 1979 Payne 1996 Nelson et al. Some mechanisms may cause songs to diverge over time, whereas others may stabilize song structure. Population-level changes in culturally acquired traits accrue through mechanisms analogous to those regulating genetic evolution ( Lynch 1996 Payne 1996). Studies of bird songs have provided numerous insights into the process of cultural evolution (e.g. These results illustrate temporal continuity in a culturally acquired trait, and raise questions about mechanisms that promote stability in song structure. Variation among song types was extensive during both years, and we detected no changes in 10 vocal parameters across the sampling period. Several 1961 song types persisted into 1999, some with remarkable fidelity. For each individual, we characterized four timing and six frequency parameters, and assessed inter-individual variation in song structure using multivariate analysis. Bowman (20 individuals) to those recorded in 1999 by J. Here we investigate cultural evolution in songs of male Geospiza fortis, at Academy Bay, Santa Cruz Island, comparing songs recorded in 1961 by R. ![]() ![]() However, little is known about the time frame over which specific song types are preserved, in the face of copy errors and corresponding modifications to song structure. In Darwin's finches of the Galápagos Islands, males learn songs from their fathers, and song types can be maintained across multiple generations. ![]() Learned bird songs evolve via cultural evolution, with song patterns transmitted across generations by imitative learning.
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